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Amygdalotomy, also known as amygdalectomy, is a form of psychosurgery which involves the surgical removal or destruction of the amygdala, or parts of the amygdala.It is usually a last-resort treatment for severe aggressive behavioral disorders and similar behaviors including hyperexcitability, violent outbursts, and self-mutilation.
Amygdalohippocampectomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of epilepsy.It consists of the removal of the hippocampus, which has a role in memory, spatial awareness, and navigation, [1] and the amygdalae, which have a role in the processing and memory of emotional reactions, [2] both structures forming part of the limbic system of the brain.
All the forms of psychosurgery in use today (or used in recent years) target the limbic system, which involves structures such as the amygdala, hippocampus, certain thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei, prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex, and cingulate gyrus—all connected by fibre pathways and thought to play a part in the regulation of emotion. [9]
Portions of the cerebral lobes from the damaged side of the brain are removed, depending on the specific procedure being performed. The surgeon may leave some brain tissue, such as the thalamus or choroid plexus. After completing the resection, the surgical site is irrigated with saline, the brain covering called the dura is sutured back ...
Not long after, the seizures started up again and the family was told that Caper would need a second surgery to remove more pieces of his brain. “The first surgery had a 60% chance of giving him ...
A craniotomy is a surgical operation in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain.Craniotomies are often critical operations, performed on patients who are suffering from brain lesions, such as tumors, blood clots, removal of foreign bodies such as bullets, or traumatic brain injury, and can also allow doctors to surgically implant devices, such as deep brain ...
Methods used to destroy tissue included thermocoagulation, suction, radioisotopes and leucotomes. By far the most common diagnosis of those undergoing psychosurgery was depression, followed by anxiety, violence, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia. [22] The Mental Health Act 1983 legislated for the use of psychosurgery.
Detail from The Extraction of the Stone of Madness, a painting by Hieronymus Bosch depicting trepanation (c. 1488–1516). Trepanning, also known as trepanation, trephination, trephining or making a burr hole (the verb trepan derives from Old French from Medieval Latin trepanum from Greek trúpanon, literally "borer, auger"), [1] [2] is a surgical intervention in which a hole is drilled or ...