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The OSNR is the ratio between the signal power and the noise power in a given bandwidth. Most commonly a reference bandwidth of 0.1 nm is used. This bandwidth is independent of the modulation format, the frequency and the receiver. For instance an OSNR of 20 dB/0.1 nm could be given, even the signal of 40 GBit DPSK would not fit in this bandwidth.
= (where distance and wavelength are in the same units) When substituted into the link budget equation above, the result is the logarithmic form of the Friis transmission equation . In some cases, it is convenient to consider the loss due to distance and wavelength separately, but in that case, it is important to keep track of which units ...
The spatial resolution of digital systems (e.g. HDTV and VGA) are fixed independently of the analog bandwidth because each pixel is digitized, transmitted, and stored as a discrete value. Digital cameras, recorders, and displays must be selected so that the resolution is identical from camera to display.
The center is the cell under test. The two adjacent cells are added and multiplied by a constant to establish a threshold. Detection occurs when the cell under test exceeds the threshold. In most simple CFAR detection schemes, the threshold level is calculated by estimating the noise floor level around the cell under test (CUT).
E.g. a microscope typically magnifies everything 10 to 100-fold, and a reflex camera will generally demagnify objects at a distance of 5 meter by a factor of 100 to 200. The resolution of a digital imaging device is not only limited by the optics, but also by the number of pixels, more in particular by their separation distance.
The sampling theorem applies to camera systems, where the scene and lens constitute an analog spatial signal source, and the image sensor is a spatial sampling device. Each of these components is characterized by a modulation transfer function (MTF), representing the precise resolution (spatial bandwidth) available in that component.
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This is a list of interface bit rates, is a measure of information transfer rates, or digital bandwidth capacity, at which digital interfaces in a computer or network can communicate over various kinds of buses and channels. The distinction can be arbitrary between a computer bus, often closer in space, and larger telecommunications networks.