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Macroglossia is the medical term for an unusually large tongue. [1] Severe enlargement of the tongue can cause cosmetic and functional difficulties in speaking, eating, swallowing and sleeping. Macroglossia is uncommon, and usually occurs in children. There are many causes. Treatment depends upon the exact cause.
Hypothyroidism is the most frequent endocrine disorder. [43] Worldwide about one billion people are estimated to be iodine deficient; however, it is unknown how often this results in hypothyroidism. [11] In large population-based studies in Western countries with sufficient dietary iodine, 0.3–0.4% of the population have overt hypothyroidism.
Congenital hypothyroidism ... and a large tongue ... and an ectopic gland at the base or back of the tongue is a lingual thyroid.
The degree of iodine deficiency was milder and manifested primarily as thyroid enlargement rather than severe mental and physical impairment. In Switzerland, for example, where soil does not contain a large amount of iodine, cases of congenital iodine deficiency syndrome were very abundant and even considered genetically caused.
[1]: 808 Cartilaginous (chondroid), [2] and glial choristomas may also very rarely occur on the tongue. [3] Lingual thyroid; Cleft tongue (bifid tongue) - completely cleft tongue is a rare condition caused by a failure of the lateral lingual swellings to merge. [4] More common is an incompletely cleft tongue, appearing as midline fissure.
Myxoedema is responsible for the thickening of the tongue and the laryngeal and pharyngeal mucous membranes, which results in thick slurred speech and hoarseness, both of which are seen commonly in hypothyroidism. [citation needed] The increased deposition of glycosaminoglycan is not fully understood, however, two mechanisms predominate: