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Ictal period refers to a physiologic state or event such as a seizure, stroke, or headache. The word originates from the Latin word ictus, meaning a blow or a stroke. In electroencephalography (EEG), the recording during a seizure is said to be "ictal". The following definitions refer to the temporal relation with seizures.
Other post-ictal neurological findings that do not involve activity of the area affected by the seizure have been described. They are thought to be caused by a different mechanism than Todd's paresis, and including paralysis of the contralateral limb, [ 5 ] and rare genetic causes of hemiplegia and seizures.
Clonic phase; The clonic phase is an evolution of the tonic phase and is caused by muscle relaxations superimposed on the tonic phase muscle contractions. This phase is longer than the tonic phase with the total ictal period usually lasting no longer than 1 min. [2] Skeletal muscles will start to contract and relax rapidly, causing convulsions ...
Some dogs, commonly referred to as seizure dogs, may help during or after a seizure. [174] [175] It is not clear if dogs have the ability to predict seizures before they occur. [176] There is moderate-quality evidence supporting the use of psychological interventions along with other treatments in epilepsy. [177]
Post-ictal headache. It is a headache “occurring within three hours after an epileptic seizure and remitting spontaneously within 72 hours after seizure termination”. [ 4 ] It is one of the possible symptoms of the postictal state .
However, the "reason for the close relationship of TEA with sleep is unclear. It may be that the transition from sleep to waking acts as a trigger to a seizure focus in the medial temporal lobe. Alternatively, amnesia upon waking may reflect persistent post-ictal dysfunction of medial temporal lobe structures following a seizure during sleep." [2]
Some characteristics which may distinguish PNES from epileptic seizures include gradual onset, out-of-phase limb movement (in which left and right extremities jerk asynchronously or in opposite directions, as opposed to rhythmically and simultaneously as in epileptic seizures), closed eyes, high memory recall, and lack of post-ictal confusion.
ISAS (Ictal-Interictal SPECT Analysis by SPM) is an objective tool for analyzing ictal vs. interictal SPECT scans. The goal of ictal SPECT is to localize the region of seizure onset for epilepsy surgery planning. ISAS was introduced and validated in two recent studies (Chang et al., 2002; McNally et al., 2005).