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Functional groups can also be charged, e.g. in carboxylate salts (−COO −), which turns the molecule into a polyatomic ion or a complex ion. Functional groups binding to a central atom in a coordination complex are called ligands. Complexation and solvation are also caused by specific interactions of functional groups.
In organic chemistry, functionality is often used as a synonym for functional group. For example, a hydroxyl group can also be called a HO-function. [1] [2] Functionalisation means the introduction of functional groups, for example the functionalisation of a surface [3] (e.g. silanization for the specific modification of the adhesion of a surface)
An industrially important example is vinyl chloride, precursor to PVC, [3] a plastic commonly known as vinyl. Chessboard made from polyvinyl chloride. Vinyl is one of the alkenyl functional groups. On a carbon skeleton, sp 2-hybridized carbons or positions are often called vinylic. Allyls, acrylates and styrenics contain vinyl groups.
A. Acetal; Acetoxy group; Acetylide; Active ester; Acyl azide; Acyl chloride; Acyl cyanide; Acyl group; Acyl halide; Acylal; Acyloin; Acylsilane; Acylsulfonamide ...
The benzoyl functional group. In organic chemistry, benzoyl (/ ˈ b ɛ n z oʊ ɪ l /, BENZ-oh-il) [1] is the functional group with the formula −COC 6 H 5 and structure −C(=O)−C 6 H 5. [2] [3] It can be viewed as benzaldehyde missing one hydrogen. The benzoyl group has a mass of 105 amu.
In chemistry, bifunctionality or difunctionality is the presence of two functional groups in a molecule. A bifunctional species has the properties of each of the two types of functional groups, such as an alcohol (−OH), amide (−CONH 2), aldehyde (−CHO), nitrile (−CN) or carboxylic acid (−COOH). Many bifunctional species are used to ...
Examples of other aryl groups consist of: The tolyl group (CH 3 C 6 H 4 −) which is derived from toluene (methylbenzene) The xylyl group ((CH 3) 2 C 6 H 3 −), which is derived from xylene (dimethylbenzene) The naphthyl group (C 10 H 7 −), which is derived from naphthalene; Arylation is the process in which an aryl group is attached to a ...
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry , alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups.