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In gastroenterology, esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of the disease to medical or surgical treatment.
Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia or upset stomach, is a condition of impaired digestion. [2] Symptoms may include upper abdominal fullness , heartburn , nausea , belching , or upper abdominal pain . [ 3 ]
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disease in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications.
Heartburn, also known as pyrosis, cardialgia or acid indigestion, [2] is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen. [3] [4] [5] Heartburn is usually due to regurgitation of gastric acid (gastric reflux) into the esophagus. It is the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [6]
Heartburn has different triggers, including certain foods, medications, obesity, and stress. These triggers are different for each individual. These triggers are different for each individual. Gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD is a chronic condition that can lead to more serious complications like esophageal cancer . [ 33 ]
Burping combined with other symptoms such as dyspepsia, nausea and heartburn may be a sign of an ulcer or hiatal hernia, and should be reviewed by a physician. [6] Other causes of burping include food allergies, gallbladder diseases, H. pylori, acid reflux disease [7] and gastritis. [8]
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The presence of eosinophils in the esophagus may be due to an allergen and is often correlated with GERD. The direction of cause and effect between inflammation and acid reflux is poorly established, with recent studies (in 2016) hinting that reflux does not cause inflammation. [6]