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The Downs cell uses a carbon anode and an iron cathode.The electrolyte is sodium chloride that has been heated to the liquid state. Although solid sodium chloride is a poor conductor of electricity, when molten the sodium and chloride ions are mobilized, which become charge carriers and allow conduction of electric current.
Molten salts can also be electrolytes as, for example, when sodium chloride is molten, the liquid conducts electricity. In particular, ionic liquids, which are molten salts with melting points below 100 °C, [15] are a type of highly conductive non-aqueous electrolytes and thus have found more and more applications in fuel cells and batteries. [16]
Strong electrolytes conduct electricity only in aqueous solutions, or in molten salt, and ionic liquid. Strong electrolytes break apart into ions completely. The strength of an electrolyte does not affect the open circuit voltage produced by a galvanic cell. But when electric current flows, stronger electrolytes result in smaller voltage losses ...
Molten salts (fluoride, chloride, and nitrate) can be used as heat transfer fluids as well as for thermal storage. This thermal storage is used in concentrated solar power plants. [8] [9] Molten-salt reactors are a type of nuclear reactor that uses molten salt(s) as a coolant or as a solvent in which the fissile material is dissolved ...
When the salts are dissolved in a liquid or are melted into a liquid, they can conduct electricity because the ions become completely mobile. For this reason, molten salts and solutions containing dissolved salts (e.g., sodium chloride in water) can be used as electrolytes. [75]
In molten sodium chloride (NaCl), when a current is passed through the salt the anode oxidizes chloride ions (Cl −) to chlorine gas, it releases electrons to the anode. Likewise, the cathode reduces sodium ions (Na +), which accepts electrons from the cathode and deposits them on the cathode as sodium metal.
Sodium chloride / ˌ s oʊ d i ə m ˈ k l ɔːr aɪ d /, [8] commonly known as edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chlorine ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic , and occurs as the mineral halite .
Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or in solution, typically not when solid. Ionic compounds generally have a high melting point, depending on the charge of the ions they consist of. The higher the charges the stronger the cohesive forces and the higher the melting point.