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In many U.S. states, ballot measures may originate by several different processes: [4] Overall, 26 US states have initiative and/or veto referendum processes at the statewide level, [5] and all states have at least one form of legislatively referred processes: 49 states have at least a legislatively referred process to amend their constitutions ...
The adoption of the initiative and referendum in Oregon in 1902 was widely copied and put in the constitutions of western states, and the system was popularly referred to as the "Oregon system". A leading advocate of direct democracy was William S. U'Ren , who pressed the issue within the Oregon through the Direct Legislation League . [ 9 ]
A limited, indirect form of local initiative was added to the French Constitution (article 72-1, référendum d'initiative locale) on 28 March 2003 as part of decentralization reforms. However, the only power these "local referendum initiatives" confer on citizens is the ability to add propositions to their local assembly's meeting agenda.
Proposition 7 of 1911 (or Senate Constitutional Amendment No. 22) [1] was an amendment of the Constitution of California that introduced, for the first time, the initiative and the optional referendum. Prior to 1911 the only form of direct democracy in California was the compulsory referendum. [2]
Thanks to the efforts of Oregon State Representative William S. U'Ren and his Direct Legislation League, voters in Oregon overwhelmingly approved a ballot measure in 1902 that created the initiative and referendum processes for citizens to directly introduce or approve proposed laws or amendments to the state constitution, making Oregon the ...
The practice of citizen-originated ballot measures began 125 years ago when South Dakota became the first in the nation to enact a statewide initiative and referendum process.
Written into the 1907 state Constitution and largely modeled after Oregon’s initiative and referendum law, Oklahoma's initiative and referendum clause has sparked more than 800 initiative ...
The Oregon Direct Legislation League was an organization of political activists founded by William S. U'Ren in the U.S. state of Oregon in 1898. U'Ren had been politically activated by reading the influential 1893 book Direct Legislation Through the Initiative and Referendum, [1] and the group's founding followed in the wake of the 1896 founding of the National Direct Legislation League, which ...