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However, the Ancient Egyptians noted open fractures to have a poor prognosis, and fifth dynasty graves have been discovered containing people who had died from open fractures. [37] During the 19th century Crimean War, the use of plaster-of-paris for the stabilization of open and closed fractures was pioneered. It has been reported that the ...
An open fracture (or compound fracture) is a bone fracture where the broken bone breaks through the skin. [2] A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress , or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , osteopenia , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta ...
However, Type III fractures occur in 60% of all the open fracture cases. Infection of the Type III fractures is observed in 10% to 50% of the time. Therefore, in 1984, Gustilo subclassified Type III fractures into A, B, and C with the aim of guiding the treatment of open fractures, communication and research, and to predict outcomes.
Closed reduction is the manipulation of the bone fragments without surgical exposure of the fragments. See also: Closed reduction with internal fixation Open reduction is where the fracture fragments are exposed through surgical dissection of tissues.
This classification system was developed by Harald Tscherne and Hans-Jörg Oestern in 1982 at the Hannover Medical School (Hanover, Germany) to classify both open and closed fractures. This classification system is based on the physiological concept that the higher the kinetic energy imparted on the bone, the higher the kinetic energy imparted ...
Fractures can be classified as either open or closed, depending on whether the integrity of the overlying skin has been disrupted or preserved, respectively. Several classification systems have been developed to further characterize soft tissue injuries in the setting of an underlying fracture: [14]
Other fractures of the body, are classified as open or closed. Because fractures that involve the teeth, by definition, communicate with the mouth this distinction is largely lost in mandible fractures. Condylar, ramus, and coronoid process fractures are generally closed whereas angle, body and parasymphsis fractures are generally open.
Since approximately one third of the tibia lies directly beneath the skin, open fractures are common compared to other long bones. [1] These open fractures are most commonly caused by high velocity trauma (e.g. motor vehicle collisions), while closed fractures most commonly occur from sports injuries or falls.