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A thin shell is defined as a shell with a thickness which is small compared to its other dimensions and in which deformations are not large compared to thickness. A primary difference between a shell structure and a plate structure is that, in the unstressed state, the shell structure has curvature as opposed to the plates structure which is flat.
The world's first membrane roof and lattice steel shell in the Shukhov Rotunda, Nizhny Novgorod, All-Russia exhibition, 1895 Geodesic shell of Nagoya Dome by Takenaka Corporation, Nagoya, Japan, 1997. Shell of Kresge Auditorium by Eero Saarinen, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1953.
The structural system of a high-rise building is designed to cope with vertical gravity loads as well as lateral loads caused by wind or seismic activity. The structural system consists only of the members designed to carry the loads, and all other members are referred to as non-structural.
By considering the structure as a whole and not just the sum of its parts, monocoque construction integrated the skin and frame into a single load-bearing shell with significant improvements to strength and weight. To make the shell, thin strips of wood were laminated into a three dimensional shape; a technique adopted from boat hull construction.
In the context to structural analysis, a structure refers to a body or system of connected parts used to support a load. Important examples related to Civil Engineering include buildings, bridges, and towers; and in other branches of engineering, ship and aircraft frames, tanks, pressure vessels, mechanical systems, and electrical supporting structures are important.
EN 1993-1-6: General rules - Strength and stability of shell structures. EN 1993-1-7: General rules - Strength and stability of planar plated structures subject to out of plane loading. EN 1993-1-8: Design of joints. EN 1993-1-9: Fatigue. EN 1993-1-10: Material toughness and through-thickness properties.
Stress resultants are simplified representations of the stress state in structural elements such as beams, plates, or shells. [1] The geometry of typical structural elements allows the internal stress state to be simplified because of the existence of a "thickness'" direction in which the size of the element is much smaller than in other directions.
A concrete shell, also commonly called thin shell concrete structure, is a structure composed of a relatively thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses. The shells are most commonly monolithic domes , but may also take the form of hyperbolic paraboloids , ellipsoids , cylindrical sections, or some ...