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An advanced pawn may be weak if it is overextended, lacking support and difficult to defend, or strong if it cramps the enemy by limiting mobility. An advanced passed pawn that threatens to promote can be especially strong. [6] advantage A better position with the chance of winning the game.
The pawn (♙, ♟) is the ... The enemy pawn is entitled to capture the moved pawn "in passing" as if the latter had advanced only one square. The capturing pawn ...
An outside passed pawn is a passed pawn that is separated by several files from the rest of the pawns and deflects the opposing king (and sometimes other pieces) from the defense of its other pawns. Such a pawn often constitutes a strong advantage for its owner because the opposing king does not have the range to cover both sides of the board.
The capturing pawn moves to the square that the enemy pawn passed over, as if the enemy pawn had advanced only one square. The rule ensures that a pawn cannot use its two-square move to safely skip past an enemy pawn. Capturing en passant is permitted only on the turn immediately after the two-square advance; it cannot be done on a later turn. [4]
A pawn, unlike other pieces, captures differently from how it moves. A pawn can capture an enemy piece on either of the two squares diagonally in front of the pawn. It cannot move to those squares when vacant except when capturing en passant. The pawn is also involved in the two special moves en passant and promotion. [10]
Therefore, an advanced rook pawn generally has two key squares: b7 and b8 for an a-pawn, and g7 and g8 for an h-pawn. The key squares are indicated by the black dots in the position in the diagram. If White's king can reach either of the two key squares, he can keep Black's king away and the pawn will promote.
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Pawn structure may be used for tactical or strategic effect, or both. Backward pawn – pawn that is not supported by other pawns and cannot advance. Connected pawns – pawns of the same color on adjacent files so that they can protect each other. Doubled pawns – two pawns of the same color on the same file, so that one blocks the other.