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In medicine, a nebulizer (American English) [1] or nebuliser (British English) [2] is a drug delivery device used to administer medication in the form of a mist inhaled into the lungs. Nebulizers are commonly used for the treatment of asthma, cystic fibrosis, COPD and other respiratory diseases or disorders.
The most common side effects include headache, oral candidiasis, cough, and difficulty speaking. [2] Salbutamol/budesonide was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2023. [2] [3] It is the first combination of an inhaled corticosteroid and a short-acting beta-agonist to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA ...
Formulations of delayed-release budesonide are an effective treatment for mild-to-moderately active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or ascending colon. [25] A Cochrane review found evidence for up to three months (but not longer) of maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease, concluding that budesonide is not effective for maintenance of remission in CD.
Salbutamol is usually used with an inhaler or nebulizer, but it is also available in a pill, liquid, and intravenous solution. [8] [10] Onset of action of the inhaled version is typically within 15 minutes and lasts for two to six hours. [8] Common side effects include shakiness, headache, fast heart rate, dizziness, and feeling anxious. [8]
Potentially serious side effects include urinary retention, worsening spasms of the airways, and a severe allergic reaction. [3] It appears to be safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding . [ 3 ] [ 9 ] Ipratropium is a short-acting muscarinic antagonist , [ 10 ] which works by causing smooth muscles to relax.
Rarer side effects may indicate a dangerous allergic reaction. These include: paradoxical bronchospasm (shortness of breath and difficulty breathing); skin itching, rash, or hives ( urticaria ); swelling ( angioedema ) of any part of the face or throat (which can lead to voice hoarseness ), or swelling of the extremities.