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A machine taper is a system for securing cutting tools or toolholders in the spindle of a machine tool or power tool. A male member of conical form (that is, with a taper ) fits into the female socket, which has a matching taper of equal angle .
Larger machines used an assortment of tapers—earlier mills will most likely have either some size of Brown & Sharpe taper or Van Norman's "No. 2" taper. Later mills usually have NMTB milling machine tapers (30, 40, or 50, depending on machine size). It is probable that any machine could be ordered new with any taper the buyer desired.
Machine tapers for tool holding included Morse tapers (on early models) and the R8 taper (a widely used standard that Bridgeport created) on most models. Both Morse and R8 allowed for both collets and solid holders, and a drill chuck could be held by either of the latter.
For example, the National Machine Tool Builders' Association (NMTBA) was the trade association of U.S. machine tool builders for many decades, and it helped establish standards such as the NMTB machine taper series (which made toolholders interchangeable between the different brands of machine on a typical machine shop floor).
A biography of a machine tool builder that also contains some general history of the industry. Rolt, L. T. C. (1965), A Short History of Machine Tools, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT Press, OCLC 250074. Co-edition published as Rolt, L. T. C. (1965), Tools for the Job: a Short History of Machine Tools, London: B. T. Batsford, LCCN 65080822.
The drawbar pull is an important component that allows the milling machine to keep the tool in place while it’s being used. The force from the drawbar pull supplied to the tool has to be just right because not enough force would cause the tool to wobble leading to inaccuracy, and too much force would apply excessive stress, leading to shorter tool life.