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Performance Handicap Racing Fleet (PHRF) is a handicapping system used for yacht racing in North America. It allows dissimilar classes of sailboats to be raced against each other. The aim is to cancel out the inherent advantages and disadvantages of each class of boats, so that results reflect crew skill rather than equipment superiority.
International Rating Certificate (IRC) is a system of handicapping sailboats and yachts for the purpose of racing. It is managed by the Royal Ocean Racing Club (RORC) in the United Kingdom through their dedicated Rating Office, [1] and the Union Nationale pour la Course au Large (UNCL) in France.
Boats had a short competitive life for two reasons: the overall increase in performance of newer boats due to better design and construction, and also the effect of changes in the handicapping rules. The first was catered for by an age allowance, which reduced the handicap of boats as they got older. The second was catered for to some extent by ...
The ORC developed International Measurement System (IMS) in the early 1990s and it was widely used to the early 2000s. This made use of a Velocity prediction program or VPP. While still maintained, the IMS [ 1 ] has been largely superseded by the Offshore Racing Congress Rule in its International [ 2 ] and, simpler, Club [ 3 ] forms.
Each boat's time is adjusted with the formula, and then the adjusted scores are compared to determine the outcome of the race. For example, a PD Racer (a semi-open homebuilt class, and the slowest listed boat in the USA scheme) has a D-PN of 140, and an A-Scow (the fastest listed centreboard boat) has a D-PN of 61.3. If an A Scow takes 1 hour ...
Maintenance of marine heat exchangers is important to ensure the small pathways in both types of coolers do not become fouled. Depending on the system different types fouling may occur. In oil based systems, an insufficient amount of cooling medium or inefficient flow of oil through the heater can cause the heater to become fouled.
If Boat A has a PHRF rating of 15 and Boat B has a rating of 30 and they compete on a 1-mile course, Boat A should finish approximately 15 seconds in front of Boat B. Results are adjusted for handicap by the race committee after all competitors have finished. Each region has its own variation on PHRF rules and ratings, based on local conditions.
Producers of DP systems are: Marine Technologies LLC, Kongsberg Maritime, Navis Engineering Oy, GE, SIREHNA, Wärtsilä (ex L-3), MT-div. Chouest, [check spelling] Rolls-Royce plc, Praxis Automation Technology, Brunvoll AS. The term digital anchor has been used to describe such dynamic positioning systems. [4]. The applications and availability ...