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Particularly in North America for several decades, the designation AWD has been used and marketed – distinctly from 4×4 and 4WD – to apply to vehicles with drive train systems that have permanent drive, a differential between the front and rear drive shafts, and active management of torque transfer, especially following the advent of the anti-lock braking system (ABS).
The Jeep Wrangler (pictured is a TJ Wrangler) is a 4WD vehicle with a transfer case to select low-range or high-range four-wheel drive.. A four-wheel drive, also called 4×4 ("four by four") or 4WD, is a two-axled vehicle drivetrain capable of providing torque to all of its wheels simultaneously.
The following items are commonly used automotive acronyms and abbreviations: [1] [2] [3] [4] 5MT: 5-speed manual transmission; A4: 4-speed automatic transmission; A5 ...
The powertrain layout of a motorised vehicle such as a car is often defined by the location of the engine or motors and the drive wheels.. Layouts can roughly be divided into three categories: front-wheel drive (FWD), rear-wheel drive (RWD) and four-wheel drive (4WD).
Also gas pedal. A throttle in the form of a foot-operated pedal, or sometimes a hand-operated lever or paddle, by which the flow of fuel to the engine (and thereby the engine speed) is controlled, with depression of the pedal causing the vehicle to accelerate. admission stroke See induction stroke. aftermarket air brake 1. A type of brake in which the force that actuates the brake mechanism is ...
In line with this development philosophy, Mitsubishi developed its first high performance four-wheel drive vehicle in 1987, when it equipped the Galant VR-4 with "Dynamic Four", which featured a center differential-type full-time four-wheel drive system (this system incorporated a viscous coupling unit), a four wheel steering system, four-wheel independent suspension, and a four-wheel ABS (the ...
In automotive design, an F4, or front-engine, four-wheel drive (4WD) layout places the internal combustion engine at the front of the vehicle and drives all four roadwheels. This layout is typically chosen for better control on many surfaces, and is an important part of rally racing, as well as off-road driving.
None of the above trademarks is specific to any particular 4WD system or technology being employed. Generally, Volkswagen would use Haldex Traction clutch system on their "4motion" transverse engined cars. For longitudinal engined cars, they would use a Torsen limited-slip differential-based 4WD system or lockable centre differential instead. [3]