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Wheel graphs W 2n+1, for n ≥ 2, are not word-representable and W 5 is the minimum (by the number of vertices) non-word-representable graph. Taking any non-comparability graph and adding an apex (a vertex connected to any other vertex), we obtain a non-word-representable graph, which then can produce infinitely many non-word-representable ...
For example, the word "encyclopedia" is a sequence of symbols in the English alphabet, a finite set of twenty-six letters. Since a word can be described as a sequence, other basic mathematical descriptions can be applied. The alphabet is a set, so as one would expect, the empty set is a subset. In other words, there exists a unique word of ...
An algorithm is fundamentally a set of rules or defined procedures that is typically designed and used to solve a specific problem or a broad set of problems.. Broadly, algorithms define process(es), sets of rules, or methodologies that are to be followed in calculations, data processing, data mining, pattern recognition, automated reasoning or other problem-solving operations.
The web graph W 4,2 is a cube. The web graph W n,r is a graph consisting of r concentric copies of the cycle graph C n, with corresponding vertices connected by "spokes". Thus W n,1 is the same graph as C n, and W n,2 is a prism. A web graph has also been defined as a prism graph Y n+1, 3, with the edges of the outer cycle removed. [7] [10]
A term graph is a representation of an expression in a formal language as a generalized graph whose vertices are terms [clarify]. [1] Term graphs are a more powerful form of representation than expression trees because they can represent not only common subexpressions (i.e. they can take the structure of a directed acyclic graph) but also cyclic/recursive subexpressions (cyclic digraphs).
A mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. [1]
In group theory, a word metric on a discrete group is a way to measure distance between any two elements of .As the name suggests, the word metric is a metric on , assigning to any two elements , of a distance (,) that measures how efficiently their difference can be expressed as a word whose letters come from a generating set for the group.
An adjacency list representation for a graph associates each vertex in the graph with the collection of its neighbouring vertices or edges. There are many variations of this basic idea, differing in the details of how they implement the association between vertices and collections, in how they implement the collections, in whether they include both vertices and edges or only vertices as first ...