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Haemolacria can manifest as tears ranging from merely red-tinged to appearing to be entirely made of blood, [1] and may also be indicative of a tumor in the lacrimal apparatus. It is most often provoked by local factors such as bacterial conjunctivitis , environmental damage or injuries. [ 2 ]
Esophageal rupture, also known as Boerhaave syndrome, is a rupture of the esophageal wall. Iatrogenic causes account for approximately 56% of esophageal perforations, usually due to medical instrumentation such as an endoscopy or paraesophageal surgery. [1]
Mallory–Weiss syndrome is a condition where high intra-abdominal pressures causes laceration and bleeding of the mucosa called Mallory-Weiss tears. [1] Additionally, Mallory–Weiss syndrome is one of the most common causes of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, counting of around 1-15% of all cases in adults and less than 5% in children.
Cancer pain in children may be caused by the cancer itself or the side effects of treatment. Tumors can cause pain in two different ways: by the physical pressure they place on organs or by occluding normal bodily functions. Treatment such as surgery and injections can also lead to significant pain for the patient. [9]
Inguinal hernia surgery is an operation to repair a weakness in the abdominal wall that abnormally allows abdominal contents to slip into a narrow tube called the inguinal canal in the groin region. There are two different clusters of hernia: groin and ventral (abdominal) wall.
Pediatric surgery arose in the middle of the 1879 century [clarification needed] as the surgical care of birth defects required novel techniques and methods, and became more commonly based at children's hospitals. One of the sites of this innovation was the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive procedure, bandaid surgery, or keyhole surgery, is a modern surgical technique. There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery versus an exploratory laparotomy. These include reduced pain due to smaller incisions, reduced hemorrhaging, and shorter recovery time.
Surgery to treat a CSF-venous fistula in CSF leak patients is highly effective. [86] Neurosurgery is available to directly repair leaking meningeal diverticula . The areas of dura leak can be tied together in a process called ligation and then a metal clip can be placed in order to hold the ligation closed. [ 24 ]