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The efficacy of these vaccines has been reported to be quite poor due to the fact that they contain only one of several strains of N. risticii, but studies have also shown that vaccinated horses that do become infected tend to show less severe clinical signs when compared to unvaccinated horses. [29] The vaccines are recommended to be given ...
The vaccine is administered twice a year, in early spring and in early summer, with the first one inoculation given before the mayflies emerge and the second administered as a booster. [ 1 ] Some veterinarians have started making recommendations for farm management to try to prevent this disease:
The principle of antivenom is based on that of vaccines, developed by Edward Jenner; however, instead of inducing immunity in the person directly, it is induced in a host animal and the hyperimmunized serum is transfused into the person. [20] The host animals may include horses, donkeys, goats, sheep, rabbits, chickens, llamas, and camels. [21]
If you're a horse owner, you've probably asked yourself, "Do horses get cold?" Follow these expert tips to make sure your horse stays warm, safe and comfortable all winter long.
Equine influenza is characterized by a very high rate of transmission among horses, and has a relatively short incubation time of one to three days. [6] Clinical signs of equine influenza include fever (up to 106 °F [41 °C]), nasal discharge, have a dry, hacking cough, depression, loss of appetite and weakness. [6]
Control of the disease is usually through elimination of the infection. This is achieved by culling infected horses and application of strict hygiene practices to prevent spread of the organism. Vaccination has been used on a limited scale in areas where enzootic lymphangitis is endemic, e.g. Iraq, but is not authorised for widespread use. [3]
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a disease that affects the central nervous system of horses. It is caused by a protozoal infection that is brought about by the apicomplexan parasites Sarcocystis neurona or Neospora hughesi .
A vaccine is available for horses. [1] This vaccine is an inactivated vaccine that uses the TC-83 strain of EEEV. [ 13 ] It is usually given in combination with vaccines for Western equine encephalitis (WEE), Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE), and tetanus , [ 4 ] and is also used by laboratory workers to protect from accidental exposure.
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