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Controlled reception pattern antennas (CRPA) are active antennas that are designed to resist radio jamming and spoofing. They are used in navigation applications to resist GPS spoofing attacks. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The vertical plane is used to plot an antenna's relative field strength perpendicular to the ground (which directly affects a station's coverage area) on a polar graph. Normally, the maximum of 1.000 or 0 dB is at the side (unless there is beam tilt ), which is labeled 0°, to 90° at the top and −90° at the bottom.
The antenna pattern is the response of the antenna to a plane wave incident from a given direction or the relative power density of the wave transmitted by the antenna in a given direction. For a reciprocal antenna, these two patterns are identical. A multitude of antenna pattern measurement techniques have been developed.
A Van Atta array is a type of passive retrodirective phased array antenna which redirects (rather than reflects) a signal back in the direction from which it came. It was first described by L. C. van Atta in his 1959 patent.
The quarter-wave monopole (0.25λ, blue) has a pattern identical to the upper half of a dipole antenna pattern. The half-wave monopole (0.5λ, green) radiates more of the power in horizontal directions. The maximum horizontal radiation for a monopole antenna is achieved at a length of 0.625λ (red). At lengths above a half wavelength (0.5λ ...
The top shows the directive pattern of a horn antenna, the bottom shows the omnidirectional pattern of a simple vertical dipole antenna. In the field of antenna design the term radiation pattern (or antenna pattern or far-field pattern) refers to the directional (angular) dependence of the strength of the radio waves from the antenna or other ...
A cosecant squared antenna, sometimes known as a constant height pattern, is a modified form of parabolic reflector used in some radar systems. [1] It is shaped to send more radio energy in certain directions in order to smooth out the reception pattern of objects as their range changes in relation to the radar.
Skew is a term used in antenna engineering.It is a technique to improve the horizontal radiation pattern of a high power transmitter station.. In a high power VHF or UHF station, usually the antenna system is constructed to broadcast to four directions each separated 90° from each other.