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From Preston et al.: [1] Solid cancer dose-response function average over gender for attained age 70 after exposure at age 30. The solid straight-line is the linear slope estimate; the points are dose -category-specific ERR estimates; the dashed curve is a smoothed estimate that is derived from the points; and the dotted curves indicate upper ...
It is difficult to establish risks associated with low dose radiation. [7] One reason why is that a long period of time occurs from exposure to radiation and the appearance of cancer. [7] Also, there is a natural incidence of cancer. [7] It is difficult to determine whether increases in cancer in a population are caused by low dose radiation. [7]
The possibility that low doses of radiation may have beneficial effects (a phenomenon often referred to as "hormesis") has been the subject of considerable debate. Evidence for hormetic effects was reviewed, with emphasis on material published since the 1990 BEIR V study on the health effects of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation.
The model assumes a linear relationship between dose and health effects, even for very low doses where biological effects are more difficult to observe. The LNT model implies that all exposure to ionizing radiation is harmful, regardless of how low the dose is, and that the effect is cumulative over lifetime.
Further evidence of sex-based disparities in radiation-induced cancers was published in the 2006 report by the National Research Council's Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation (known as the BEIR VII report), which found that women's risk due to radiation exposure exceeded men's by 37.5 percent. [6]
In high acute doses, it will result in radiation burns and radiation sickness, and lower level doses over a protracted time can cause cancer. [5] [6] The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issues guidance on ionizing radiation protection, and the effects of dose uptake on human health.
The ICLDRR assembles all published data and conducts analyses concerning the effects of low doses of radiation on humans and in the environment. ICLDRR's main focus is to contribute to clarifying whether low and very low doses of ionizing radiation increase the risk of cancer. To that end, the ICLDRR has assembled and analysed virtually all ...
Radiation hormesis is the conjecture that a low level of ionizing radiation (i.e., near the level of Earth's natural background radiation) helps "immunize" cells against DNA damage from other causes (such as free radicals or larger doses of ionizing radiation), and decreases the risk of cancer. The theory proposes that such low levels activate ...