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  2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_photoelectron...

    XPS physics - the photoelectric effect.. Because the energy of an X-ray with particular wavelength is known (for Al K α X-rays, E photon = 1486.7 eV), and because the emitted electrons' kinetic energies are measured, the electron binding energy of each of the emitted electrons can be determined by using the photoelectric effect equation,

  3. Historical linguistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_linguistics

    By analysis of related languages by the comparative method, linguists can make inferences about their shared parent language and its vocabulary. In that way, word roots that can be traced all the way back to the origin of, for instance, the Indo-European language family have been found.

  4. XPS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xps

    XPS may refer to: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) Extreme Ultraviolet Photometer System (XPS). an instrument aboard the NASA Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) space probe

  5. Open Packaging Conventions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Packaging_Conventions

    Both the XML Paper Specification (XPS) [5] and Office Open XML (OOXML) use Open Packaging Conventions (OPC), which provide a profile of the common ZIP format. In addition to data and document content in XML markup, files in the ZIP package can include other text and binary files in formats such as PNG , BMP , AVI , PDF , RTF , or even an ...

  6. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keywords:_A_Vocabulary_of...

    Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society is a book by the Welsh Marxist academic Raymond Williams published in 1976 by Croom Helm.. Originally intended to be published along with the author's 1958 work Culture and Society, this work examines the history of more than a hundred words that are familiar and yet confusing: Art, Bureaucracy, Culture, Educated, Management, Masses, Nature ...

  7. Low-energy ion scattering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-energy_ion_scattering

    Image of a Kratos Axis-165 system equipped with XPS, ISS, and AES, from Alberta Centre for Surface Engineering and Science (ACSES). Low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS), sometimes referred to simply as ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used to characterize the chemical and structural makeup of materials.

  8. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray...

    Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDX, EDXS or XEDS), sometimes called energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA or EDAX) or energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA), is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. It relies on an interaction of some source of X-ray excitation and ...

  9. Sumatra PDF - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra_PDF

    Sumatra PDF is a free and open-source document viewer that supports many document formats including: Portable Document Format (PDF), Microsoft Compiled HTML Help (CHM), DjVu, EPUB, FictionBook (FB2), MOBI, PRC, Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS, OXPS, XPS), and Comic Book Archive file (CB7, CBR, CBT, CBZ). [3]