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The problem to determine all positive integers such that the concatenation of and in base uses at most distinct characters for and fixed [citation needed] and many other problems in the coding theory are also the unsolved problems in mathematics.
The problem has been called the most important open problem in computer science. [1] Aside from being an important problem in computational theory , a proof either way would have profound implications for mathematics, cryptography , algorithm research, artificial intelligence , game theory , multimedia processing, philosophy , economics and ...
The real part of every nontrivial zero of the Riemann zeta function is 1/2. The Riemann hypothesis is that all nontrivial zeros of the analytical continuation of the Riemann zeta function have a real part of 1 / 2 . A proof or disproof of this would have far-reaching implications in number theory, especially for the distribution of prime ...
Euler diagram for P, NP, NP-complete, and NP-hard set of problems. Under the assumption that P ≠ NP, the existence of problems within NP but outside both P and NP-complete was established by Ladner. [1] In computational complexity theory, NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) is a complexity class used to classify decision problems.
A polynomial-time problem can be very difficult to solve in practice if the polynomial's degree or constants are large enough. In addition, information-theoretic security provides cryptographic methods that cannot be broken even with unlimited computing power. "A large-scale quantum computer would be able to efficiently solve NP-complete problems."
For example, if s=2, then 𝜁(s) is the well-known series 1 + 1/4 + 1/9 + 1/16 + …, which strangely adds up to exactly 𝜋²/6. When s is a complex number—one that looks like a+b𝑖, using ...
In theoretical computer science, a computational problem is one that asks for a solution in terms of an algorithm. For example, the problem of factoring "Given a positive integer n, find a nontrivial prime factor of n." is a computational problem that has a solution, as there are many known integer factorization algorithms.
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.