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Polycarp is regarded as a saint and Church Father in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Roman Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, Lutheranism, and Anglicanism. Both Irenaeus and Tertullian say that Polycarp had been a disciple of John the Apostle , one of Jesus's disciples .
There is also a forceful epistle written by Polycarp to the Philippians, from which those who wish to do so, and are anxious about their salvation, can learn the character of his faith, and the preaching of the truth. [5] The epistle is one of a number believed to have been written by Polycarp, but is the only extant document. [6]
Polycarp (/ ˈ p ɒ l i k ɑːr p /; Greek: Πολύκαρπος, Polýkarpos; Latin: Polycarpus; AD 69 – 155) was a Christian bishop of Smyrna. [2] According to the Martyrdom of Polycarp, he died a martyr, bound and burned at the stake, then stabbed when the fire failed to consume his body. [3]
Saint Polycarp, a priest in Rome noted for ministering to those in prison for their faith (c. 300) [24] [note 7] Saint Serenus the Gardener , martyr (307) Saint Romana (Romina), a virgin born in Rome who reposed at the age of eighteen while living as an anchoress in a cave on the banks of the Tiber in Italy (324) [ 24 ] [ note 8 ] .
Polycarp was martyred, the next bishop of Smyrna was Papirius. Papirius was later succeeded by Camerius, [4] Smyrna was also the place of martyrdom of Saint Pionius, during the reign of Decius. [5] Already from the early Christian years Smyrna was an autocephalous archbishopric as part of the wider Metropolis of Ephesus.
The Epistle of Ignatius to Polycarp (often abbreviated Ign. Poly.) is an epistle attributed to Ignatius of Antioch, a second-century bishop of Antioch, and addressed to Polycarp, the bishop of Smyrna. Its narrative frame tells that it was written during Ignatius' transport from Antioch to his execution in Rome. [1]
Saint Polycarp was a Quartodeciman. [3] [4]There is scholarly disagreement on which tradition is the original. Some scholars believe that Sunday observance began before Quartodecimanism, while others have argued that Quartodecimanism was original. [5]
A second, the Passiones, includes the martyrdoms of Saint Ignatius of Antioch, Saint Polycarp, and the Martyrs of Lyons, the famous Acts of Perpetua and Felicitas, and the Passion of Saint Irenaeus. In these accounts, miraculous elements are restricted, which proved to be unpopular and was often later embellished with legendary material.