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In woodworking and construction, a nail is a small object made of metal (or wood, called a tree nail or "trunnel") which is used as a fastener, as a peg to hang something, or sometimes as a decoration. [1] Generally, nails have a sharp point on one end and a flattened head on the other, but headless nails are available.
There are three major steel fasteners used in industries: stainless steel, carbon steel, and alloy steel. The major grade used in stainless steel fasteners: 200 series, 300 series, and 400 series. Titanium, aluminium, and various alloys are also common materials of construction for metal fasteners.
High-velocity tools made or sold in the United States must comply under certain circumstances; [2] with many being used in the shipbuilding and steel industries. Powder-actuated fasteners are made of special heat-treated steel; common nails are unsafe for this application. There are many specialized fasteners designed for specific applications ...
They are available in flat head, countersunk head, and modified flush head with standard diameters of 1/8, 5/32, and 3/16 inch. Blind rivets are made from soft aluminum alloy, steel (including stainless steel), copper, and Monel. There are also structural blind rivets, which are designed to take shear and tensile loads. [8]
Steel fasteners (grade 2,5,8) - the level of strength; Stainless steel fasteners (martensitic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel), Bronze and brass fasteners - water proof usage; Nylon fasteners - used for the light material and water proof usage. In general, steel is the most commonly used material of all fasteners: 90% or more. [8]
Tool steel is any of various carbon steels and alloy steels that are particularly well-suited to be made into tools and tooling, including cutting tools, dies, hand tools, knives, and others. Their suitability comes from their distinctive hardness , resistance to abrasion and deformation, and their ability to hold a cutting edge at elevated ...
Washers are usually metal or plastic. High-quality bolted joints require hardened steel washers to prevent the loss of pre-load due to brinelling after the torque is applied. Washers are also important for preventing galvanic corrosion, particularly by insulating steel screws from aluminium surfaces. They may also be used in rotating ...
Pipe wrenches are classified by the length of the handle. They are generally available in sizes from 6 inches (150 mm) to 48 inches (1,200 mm) or larger. They are usually made of forged steel. Today, aluminium might be substituted to reduce the weight of the body of the wrench, although the teeth and jaw remain steel.