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Faiyum (/ f aɪ ˈ j uː m / fy-YOOM; Arabic: الفيوم, romanized: el-Fayyūm, locally [elfæjˈjuːm]) [a] is a city in Middle Egypt. Located 100 kilometres (62 miles) southwest of Cairo , in the Faiyum Oasis , it is the capital of the modern Faiyum Governorate .
The Faiyum Oasis (Arabic: واحة الفيوم Wāḥat al-Fayyum) is a depression or basin in the desert immediately west of the Nile river, 62 miles south of Cairo, Egypt. The extent of the basin area is estimated at between 1,270 km 2 (490 mi 2 ) and 1,700 km 2 (656 mi 2 ).
"Faiyum portraits" is generally used as a stylistic, rather than a geographic, description. While painted cartonnage mummy cases date back to pharaonic times, the Faiyum mummy portraits were an innovation dating to the time of Roman rule in Egypt . [ 1 ]
Biahmu, also known as Byahmu, is a village and archaeological site in Faiyum Governorate, Egypt. The town is in the Faiyum Oasis, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the city of Faiyum. [1] Outside the village are the Pedestals of Biahmu, ancients ruins of two colossi built by Amenemhat III. In 2006, the total population of Biahmu was 17,486 people. [2]
The Book of the Faiyum is an ancient Egyptian "local monograph" celebrating the Faiyum region of Egypt and its patron deity, the crocodile god Sobek. It has also been classified generically as a "cult topographical priestly manual." [1] The text is known from multiple sources dating to Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt (332 BCE – 359 CE). [2]
New Faiyum (Arabic: الفيوم الجديدة Madīnat al-Fayyūm al-Jadīdah) is a planned city in Middle Egypt. A third-generation new Egyptian city, it is a suburb of Faiyum in Faiyum Governorate. The city is located west of the Cairo-Aswan Western Desert Road, 100 km (62 mi) south of Cairo.
The Merimde culture (also Merimde Beni-Salame or Benisalam) (Arabic: مرمدة بني سلامة) was a Neolithic culture in the West Nile Delta in Lower Egypt, which corresponds in its later phase to the Faiyum A culture and the Badari culture in Predynastic Egypt. It is estimated that the culture evolved between 4800 and 4300 BC. [1]
Sobek Shedety, the patron of the Faiyum's centrally located capital, Crocodilopolis (or Egyptian "Shedet"), was the most prominent form of the god. Extensive building programs honoring Sobek were realized in Shedet, as it was the capital of the entire Arsinoite nome and consequently the most important city in the region.