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The open manner and timing of the publication of these test dates was criticised by a group of Indian mathematical historians (Plofker et al. 2017 [1] and Houben 2018 §3 [2]). Up until Sep 2024 the manuscript is known to have contained the earliest known Indian use of a zero symbol.
The whole of Part 2, running to about 307 pages, constitutes just one chapter numbered as Chapter 3 of the book. Some of the topics discussed in this chapter are linear equations with one unknown and with two unknowns, quadratic equations , linear indeterminate equations , solutions of equations of the form Nx 2 + 1 = y 2 , indeterminate ...
Lecture Notes in Mathematics is a book series in the field of mathematics, including articles related to both research and teaching. It was established in 1964 and was edited by A. Dold, Heidelberg and B. Eckmann, Zürich. Its publisher is Springer Science+Business Media (formerly Springer-Verlag).
This principle, foundational for all mathematics, was first elaborated for geometry, and was systematized by Euclid around 300 BC in his book Elements. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] The resulting Euclidean geometry is the study of shapes and their arrangements constructed from lines, planes and circles in the Euclidean plane ( plane geometry ) and the three ...
Indian mathematics emerged and developed in the Indian subcontinent [1] from about 1200 BCE [2] until roughly the end of the 18th century CE (approximately 1800 CE). In the classical period of Indian mathematics (400 CE to 1200 CE), important contributions were made by scholars like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara II, Varāhamihira, and Madhava.
Mathematical notation is widely used in mathematics, science, and engineering for representing complex concepts and properties in a concise, unambiguous, and accurate way. For example, the physicist Albert Einstein 's formula E = m c 2 {\displaystyle E=mc^{2}} is the quantitative representation in mathematical notation of mass–energy ...
[2] [3] She was interested in the nursing service for the civilian population, though her first interest was the welfare of the army in India. In 1854 (in the Crimean war), when women nurses were considered as rare, Florence Nightingale shows her ability in nursing. Works of Florence results in formation of Royal Commission.
[1] In December 2023, there were 91 million page views. [2] It is the first Wikipedia to be written in a variety of Hindustani, followed by the Urdu Wikipedia, launched in January 2004. On 30 August 2011, the Hindi Wikipedia became the first South Asian-language Wikipedia to surpass 100,000 articles.