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The cystocele, also known as a prolapsed bladder, is a medical condition in which a woman's bladder bulges into her vagina. [1] [5] Some may have no symptoms. [6] Others may have trouble starting urination, urinary incontinence, or frequent urination. [1] Complications may include recurrent urinary tract infections and urinary retention.
Symptoms can include pelvic pain, pressure, pain during sex, urinary incontinence (UI), overactive bladder, bowel incontinence, incomplete emptying of feces, constipation, myofascial pelvic pain and pelvic organ prolapse. [4] [5] When pelvic organ prolapse occurs, there may be visible organ protrusion or a lump felt in the vagina or anus.
The most distal prolapse is between 1 cm above and 1 cm below the hymen (at least one point is −1, 0, or +1). 3: The most distal prolapse is more than 1 cm below the hymen but no further than 2 cm less than TVL. 4: Represents complete procidentia or vault eversion; the most distal prolapse protrudes to at least (TVL−2) cm.
[1] [2] This assessment is the most frequently used [3] [4] among research publications related to pelvic organ prolapse. [4] When assessed using the POP-Q, the prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse is estimated to be up to 50% while diagnosis by symptoms has a prevalence of 3–6%. [2] Some advocate that the system of assessment be modified. [5]
The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) can be used to gauge the symptoms, along with physician examination. Other primary and secondary tests are often carried out, such as a PSA ( Prostate-specific antigen ) test, [ 17 ] urinalysis , ultrasound , urinary flow studies, imaging, temporary prostatic stent placement, prostate biopsy and ...
When the onset is sudden, symptoms include an inability to urinate and lower abdominal pain. [1] When of gradual onset, symptoms may include loss of bladder control, mild lower abdominal pain, and a weak urine stream. [1] Those with long-term problems are at risk of urinary tract infections. [1]
A urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra, the tube connected to the bladder that allows urination. The narrowing reduces the flow of urine and makes it more difficult or even painful to empty the bladder. [1] Urethral stricture is caused by injury, instrumentation, infection, and certain non-infectious forms of urethritis. The ...
The most common symptoms of IC/BPS are suprapubic pain, [10] urinary frequency, painful sexual intercourse, [11] and waking up from sleep to urinate. [12]In general, symptoms may include painful urination described as a burning sensation in the urethra during urination, pelvic pain that is worsened with the consumption of certain foods or drinks, urinary urgency, and pressure in the bladder or ...