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The non-self-centering action of the independent jaws makes centering highly controllable (for an experienced user), but at the expense of speed and ease. Four-jaw chucks are almost never used for tool holding. Four-jaw chucks can be found on lathes and indexing heads. Self-centering chucks with four jaws also can be obtained.
However, now, bigger versions of the heavy-duty tire changers are designed to mount/demount tires up to 95 inches (2.4 m) in diameter and also feature a hydraulically operated self-centering four-jaw chuck with clamping jaws that can clamp from 14 to 58 inches (0.36 to 1.47 m) either from the wheel’s inside or from the center bore. [6]
Scroll chuck Independent-jaw chuck; 1. Fast chucking (unclamp one part, switch to a new part, reclamp) Reliably Reliably Generally not 2. Self centering Reliably Reliably Never 3. Strong clamping Reliably [4] Usually Reliably 4. Resistance against being jarred loose (untightened) Reliably [4] To varying extents Usually 5.
Austin F. Cushman (June 18, 1830 – November 29, 1914) invented the self-centering Cushman universal chuck in 1862; his father-in-law, Simon Fairman, had previously invented the lathe chuck. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
On these chucks the runout faces limitations; on late-model CNCs, it can be quite low if all conditions are excellent, but traditionally it is usually at least .001-.003 in (0.025-0.075 mm). The four-jaw chuck is used either to hold irregular shapes or to hold round or hex to extremely low runout (with time spent indicating and clamping each ...
In many cases a general-purpose arrangement is used, such as a bit with cylindrical shaft and shank in a three-jaw chuck which grips a cylindrical shank tightly. Different shank and chuck combination can deliver improved performance, such as allowing higher torque, greater centering accuracy, or moving the bit independently of the chuck, with a ...