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  2. Modifiable areal unit problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modifiable_areal_unit_problem

    A census choropleth map calculating population density using state boundaries will yield radically different results than a map that calculates density based on county boundaries. Furthermore, census district boundaries are also subject to change over time, [ 4 ] meaning the MAUP must be considered when comparing past data to current data.

  3. Environmental determinism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_determinism

    Locations with hot tropical climates often suffer underdevelopment due to low fertility of soils, excessive plant transpiration, ecological conditions favoring infectious diseases, and unreliable water supply. These factors can cause tropical zones to suffer a 30% to 50% decrease in productivity relative to temperate climate zones.

  4. Species distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_distribution

    Based on factors of dispersal, disturbance, resources limiting climate, and other species distribution, predictions of species distribution can create a bio-climate range, or bio-climate envelope. The envelope can range from a local to a global scale or from a density independence to dependence.

  5. Population density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density

    Population density (in agriculture: standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans , but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.

  6. Low Elevation Coastal Zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Elevation_Coastal_Zone

    The Low Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ) refers to low-lying coastal areas with an elevation below a certain threshold, commonly 10 meters, above mean sea level.Globally, there is a substantial and growing population living in the Low Elevation Coastal Zone, which consists of approximately 2% of the world's land area and around 11% of the global population.

  7. Population geography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_geography

    It focuses on how populations are distributed across space, the factors influencing these distributions, and the implications for resources, environment, and societal development. This branch of geography integrates demographic data with spatial analysis to understand patterns such as population density, urbanization, and migration trends.

  8. Carrying capacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrying_capacity

    Carrying capacity is a commonly used concept for biologists when trying to better understand biological populations and the factors which affect them. [1] When addressing biological populations, carrying capacity can be seen as a stable dynamic equilibrium, taking into account extinction and colonization rates. [ 16 ]

  9. Climate change in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_in_Africa

    Future population shifts that affect population density, as well as changes in the behavior of mosquitos, can affect transmission rates and are limiting factors in determining the future risk of malaria outbreaks, which also affect planning for correct outbreak response preparation. [74]