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  2. Self-justification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-justification

    Internal self-justification helps make the negative outcomes more tolerable and is usually elicited by hedonistic dissonance. For example, the smoker may tell himself that smoking is not really that bad for his health. External self-justification refers to the use of external excuses to justify one's actions. The excuses can be a displacement ...

  3. Internalism and externalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internalism_and_externalism

    These include human motivation, knowledge, justification, meaning, and truth. The distinction arises in many areas of debate with similar but distinct meanings. Internal–external distinction is a distinction used in philosophy to divide an ontology into two parts: an internal part concerning observation related to philosophy, and an external ...

  4. Defence mechanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_mechanism

    In psychoanalytic theory, defence mechanisms are unconscious psychological processes that protect the self from anxiety-producing thoughts and feelings related to internal conflicts and external stressors. [1] According to this theory, healthy people use different defence mechanisms throughout life.

  5. Internalization (sociology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internalization_(sociology)

    However, there can also be a distinction between internal commitment to a norm and what one exhibits externally. George Mead illustrates, through the constructs of mind and self, the manner in which an individual's internalizations are affected by external norms. [3] One thing that may affect what an individual internalises are role models.

  6. Philosophical Inquiries into the Essence of Human Freedom

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_Inquiries...

    406 Primal ground (Ungrund) is before all antitheses; groundlessness self-divides. 409 Evil is a parody. 412 Revelation and reason. 413 Paganism and Christianity. 413 Personality rests on a dark foundation, which is also the foundation of knowledge. 414 Dialectical philosophy. 415 Historical foundation of philosophy.

  7. Moral disengagement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_disengagement

    The first sub-function is self-monitoring of one's conduct, which is the initial step of taking control over it. [4] "Action gives rise to self-reactions through a judgmental function in which conduct is evaluated against internal standards and situational circumstances". [5] Thus, moral judgments evoke self-reactive influence.

  8. Self-serving bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-serving_bias

    A self-serving bias is any cognitive or perceptual process that is distorted by the need to maintain and enhance self-esteem, or the tendency to perceive oneself in an overly favorable manner. [1] It is the belief that individuals tend to ascribe success to their own abilities and efforts, but ascribe failure to external factors. [2]

  9. System justification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_justification

    System justification theory is a theory within social psychology that system-justifying beliefs serve a psychologically palliative function. It proposes that people have several underlying needs, which vary from individual to individual, that can be satisfied by the defense and justification of the status quo, even when the system may be disadvantageous to certain people.