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Perineal protection is an obstetric measure to prevent the perineal tissue from tearing (perineal tear) during the birth of the baby's head or to keep the extent of the injury as small as possible. The midwife (or obstetrician) supports the perineal tissue with one hand as soon as the head stretches.
Rates of uterine rupture during vaginal birth following one previous C-section, done by the typical technique, are estimated at 0.9%. [1] Rates are greater among those who have had multiple prior C-sections or an atypical type of C-section. [1] In those who do have uterine scarring, the risk during a vaginal birth is about 1 per 12,000. [1]
Vaginal trauma can occur in children as a result of a straddle injury. Most of these, though distressing, are not serious injuries. In some instances, a severe injury occurs and requires immediate medical attention, especially if the bleeding won't stop. [3] [4] Vaginal trauma also occurs during an episiotomy [5] and vaginal childbirth.
Preterm birth and pregnancy loss are the two most difficult challenges that come with cervical incompetence, according to Rankins. ... my doctor placed a cerclage on my cervix at 13 weeks." After ...
Lacerations to the posterior peri-cervical vagina tend to occur in the missionary position, hips and legs hyperflexed. Other positions can also expose the posterior vaginal wall that usually protected by the cervix, this allows for posterior fornix tears. Tears in the upper area of the vagina are more often reported in consensual intercourse ...
Cervical stenosis may be present from birth or may be caused by other factors: Surgical procedures performed on the cervix such as colposcopy, cone biopsy, or a cryosurgery procedure [3] Trauma to the cervix [3] Repeated vaginal infections [3] Atrophy of the cervix after menopause [3] Cervical cancer [1] Radiation [1] Cervical nabothian cysts
cervical rupture (may occur if the stitch is not removed before onset of labor) uterine rupture (may occur if the stitch is not removed before onset of labor) [10] injury to the cervix or bladder; bleeding; Cervical Dystocia with failure to dilate requiring Cesarean Section; displacement of the cervix
True cervical pregnancies tend to abort; if, however, the pregnancy is located higher in the canal and the placenta finds support in the uterine cavity, it can go past the first trimester. With the placenta being implanted abnormally, extensive vaginal bleeding can be expected at time of delivery and placental removal.