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Due to its rarity and limited supply on a global level, the cost of regular liberica beans is on the higher end, with premium liberica beans carrying a heavier price tag. The caffeine concentration of liberica beans is the lowest of the three cultivars, with 1.23 g/100 g, where arabica has 1.61 g/100 g and Robusta has 2.26 g/100 g. [11]
List and origin of arabica varieties TIF. Coffee varieties are the diverse subspecies derived through selective breeding or natural selection of coffee plants.While there is tremendous variability encountered in both wild and cultivated coffee plants, there are a few varieties and cultivars that are commercially important due to various unique and inherent traits such as disease resistance and ...
The robusta plant has a greater crop yield than that of arabica, contains more caffeine (2.7% compared to arabica's 1.5%), [7] and contains less sugar (3–7% compared to arabica's 6–9%). [8] As it is less susceptible to pests and disease, [ 9 ] robusta needs much less herbicide and pesticide than arabica.
Coffea arabica (/ ə ˈ r æ b ɪ k ə /), also known as the Arabica coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae. It is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated and is the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. [ 2 ]
Liberica beans from Mindoro, Philippines. The shape of the liberica beans is unique among other commercial species (arabica, robusta, and excelsa). It is asymmetric, with one side shorter than the other side, creating characteristic "hook" at the tip. The central furrow is also more jagged in comparison to other coffee beans. [5]
Coffea robusta is grown at lower altitudes than Coffea arabica. The island of Sumatra is the largest producer, with the provinces of Lampung, South Sumatra and Bengkulu accounting for 50% of total national coffee production and up to 75% of Robusta production. [34] Smaller volumes are also grown in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali and Flores.
Arabic coffee is distinct from American coffee in a number of ways. Arabic coffee is produced using Arabica beans that have been gently roasted and delicately powdered. Cloves, cardamom, and saffron are typical flavours that do not contain sugar or milk. Darker-roasted American coffee is served in quantity with sugar and milk, but no spices. [21]
Robusta coffee, which is made from the plant coffea canephora, mainly grows in the Lake Victoria Basin. [13] It is known for low acidity and high bitterness in relation to coffee made from coffea arabica. Robusta beans tend to grow in lower altitudes than those of Arabica beans, ranging between 200–800 meters above sea level. [14]