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NFPA 77 states [2] that carbon dioxide from high-pressure cylinders or fire extinguishers should never be used to inert a container or vessel. The release of carbon dioxide may generate static electricity with enough energy to ignite the mixture, resulting in an explosion. [ 3 ]
The British standard BS PD CLC/TR 50404:2003 (formerly BS-5958-Part 2) Code of Practice for Control of Undesirable Static Electricity prescribes pipe flow velocity limits. Because water content has a large impact on the fluids dielectric constant, the recommended velocity for hydrocarbon fluids containing water should be limited to 1 meter per ...
Purging with an inert gas provides a higher degree of safety however, because the practice ensures that an ignitable mixture never forms. Purging can therefore be said to rely on primary prevention, [ 4 ] reducing the possibility of an explosion, whereas control of sources of ignition relies on secondary prevention, [ 4 ] reducing the ...
A hot fluid's heat capacity rate can be much greater than, equal to, or much less than the heat capacity rate of the same fluid when cold. In practice, it is most important in specifying heat-exchanger systems, wherein one fluid usually of dissimilar nature is used to cool another fluid such as the hot gases or steam cooled in a power plant by a heat sink from a water source—a case of ...
Instead, the common practice is to measure the specific heat capacity at constant pressure (allowing the material to expand or contract as it wishes), determine separately the coefficient of thermal expansion and the compressibility of the material, and compute the specific heat capacity at constant volume from these data according to the laws ...
Hydrogen possesses the NFPA 704's highest rating of four on the flammability scale because it is flammable when mixed even in small amounts with ordinary air. Ignition can occur at a volumetric ratio of hydrogen to air as low as 4% due to the oxygen in the air and the simplicity and chemical properties of the reaction.
NFPA 70B — Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance; NFPA 72 — National Fire Alarm Code; NFPA 704 — Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response; NFPA 853 — Standard for the installation of stationary fuel cell power systems; NFPA 921 — Guide for Fire and Explosion ...
This extra heat amounts to about 40% more than the previous amount added. In this example, the amount of heat added with a locked piston is proportional to C V, whereas the total amount of heat added is proportional to C P. Therefore, the heat capacity ratio in this example is 1.4.