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In physics, a mass balance, also called a material balance, is an application of conservation of mass [1] to the analysis of physical systems. By accounting for material entering and leaving a system, mass flows can be identified which might have been unknown, or difficult to measure without this technique.
Sankey diagrams can also visualize the energy accounts, material flow accounts on a regional or national level, and cost breakdowns. [2] The diagrams are often used in the visualization of material flow analysis. Sankey diagrams emphasize the major transfers or flows within a system. They help locate the most important contributions to a flow.
In this type of plot (Figure 1), each axis represents a unique reaction coordinate, the corners represent local minima along the potential surface such as reactants, products or intermediates and the energy axis projects vertically out of the page. Changing a single reaction parameter can change the height of one or more of the corners of the plot.
The height of energy barrier is always measured relative to the energy of the reactant or starting material. Different possibilities have been shown in figure 6. Figure 6:Reaction Coordinate Diagrams showing reactions with 0, 1 and 2 intermediates: The double-headed arrow shows the first, second and third step in each reaction coordinate diagram.
[4] [5] [6] The CALPHAD approach is based on the fact that a phase diagram is a manifestation of the equilibrium thermodynamic properties of the system, which are the sum of the properties of the individual phases. [7] It is thus possible to calculate a phase diagram by first assessing the thermodynamic properties of all the phases in a system.
The Ellingham diagram plots the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) for each oxidation reaction as a function of temperature. For comparison of different reactions, all values of ΔG refer to the reaction of the same quantity of oxygen, chosen as one mole O (1 ⁄ 2 mol O 2) by some authors [2] and one mole O 2 by others. [3] The diagram shown ...
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