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Caspase deficiency has been identified as a cause of tumor development. Tumor growth can occur by a combination of factors, including a mutation in a cell cycle gene which removes the restraints on cell growth, combined with mutations in apoptotic proteins such as caspases that would respond by inducing cell death in abnormally growing cells. [5]
Caspase-9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CASP9 gene.It is an initiator caspase, [5] critical to the apoptotic pathway found in many tissues. [6] Caspase-9 homologs have been identified in all mammals for which they are known to exist, such as Mus musculus and Pan troglodytes.
Alternatively, if programmed cell death were blocked in some of the cells, they would not die enough and would end up triggering carcinogenesis in the tissue. For this reason, apoptosis evasion has been identified as a key hallmark of cancer. [39]
Caspase-2 is an important enzyme in the cysteine aspartate protease family, known as caspases, which are central to the regulation of apoptosis and, in certain cases, inflammation. While many caspases are mainly involved in the initiation and execution of cell death, caspase-2 has a broader range of functions.
A set of recommendations for describing the terminology of cell death was proposed by the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) in 2009, because misusing words and concepts may slow down progress in the area of cell death research. [1] The classic definition of death defines it as a state characterized by the cessation of signs of life.
ICAD has two caspase recognition sites at Asp117 and Asp224. CAD release from ICAD inhibition is achieved by cleavage of ICAD at these Asp residues by the caspase-3. [20] Caspase-3 is activated in the apoptotic cell. [9] Caspase-3 activation is a cell requirement during early stages of the skeletal myoblast differentiation.
Caspase-8 is a caspase protein, encoded by the CASP8 gene. It most likely acts upon caspase-3 . CASP8 orthologs [ 5 ] have been identified in numerous mammals for which complete genome data are available.
Caspase-10 (EC 3.4.22.63, FLICE2, Mch4, CASP-10, ICE-like apoptotic protease 4, apoptotic protease Mch-4, FAS-associated death domain protein interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme 2) is an enzyme.