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Clindamycin is used in cases of suspected toxic shock syndrome, [35] often in combination with a bactericidal agent such as vancomycin. The rationale for this approach is a presumed synergy between vancomycin, which causes the death of the bacteria by breakdown of the cell wall, and clindamycin, which is a powerful inhibitor of toxin synthesis
Pregnancy also causes the body to hold onto excess fluids and swell, says Badgett. Water retention may also be a symptom of hypothyroidism. Medications. Certain medications can cause or worsen ...
Sodium reabsorption also causes water retention. [8] [9] When the kidneys detect low blood pressure, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated and eventually, aldosterone is secreted. Aldosterone binds to aldosterone receptors (mineralocorticoid receptors) increasing sodium reabsorption in an effort to increase blood ...
Glucosuria causes a loss of hypotonic water and Na +, leading to a hypertonic state with signs of volume depletion, such as dry mucosa, hypotension, tachycardia, and decreased turgor of the skin. Use of some drugs , especially stimulants , may also increase blood glucose and thus increase urination.
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Edema (American English), also spelled oedema (British English), and also known as fluid retention, dropsy and hydropsy, is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue, [1] a type of swelling. [4] Most commonly, the legs or arms are affected. [ 1 ]
Excessive ADH causes an inappropriate increase in the reabsorption in the kidneys of solute-free water ("free water"): excess water moves from the distal convoluted tubules (DCTs) and collecting tubules of the nephrons – via activation of aquaporins, the site of the ADH receptors – back into the circulation. This has two consequences.
As of now, the actual cause of water retention remains unclear. It was noted that there is no correlation to serum levels of progesterone or estradiol according to actual data, [ 6 ] but it is thought to be caused by hormone changes during the menstrual cycle through high levels of circulating progesterone , estrogen , and prolactin , which ...