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The Manila galleon trade route was inaugurated in 1565 after the Augustinian friar and navigator Andrés de Urdaneta pioneered the tornaviaje or return route from the Philippines to Mexico. Urdaneta and Alonso de Arellano made the first successful round trips that year, by taking advantage of the Kuroshio Current .
The opening of Philippine trade to the world gave rise to business and imposing edifices that made Manila the 'Paris of Asia'. La Insular Cigar Factory is one of the most popular. The development of the Philippines as a source of raw materials and as a market for European manufactures created much local wealth. Many Filipinos prospered.
The Philippines had been governed from Mexico since 1565, [16] with colonial administrative costs sustained by subsidies from the galleon trade. Increased competition with foreign traders brought the galleon trade to an end in 1815.
Under Spanish rule, the Philippines became a key hub in the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade, though the wealth primarily benefited colonial powers rather than local development. During the American colonial period (1901–1946), the country saw significant economic reforms and infrastructure improvements, while the Philippine peso was pegged to ...
The decline of Galleon trade between Manila and Acapulco was caused by the arrival of the ship Buen Consejo in 1765. The Buen Consejo took the shorter route [1] [clarification needed] via Cape of Good Hope, a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast controlled by Portugal. The journey through the Cape of Good Hope takes three months from Spain to ...
The Propaganda Movement was consisted of several prominent Filipinos, such as Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Mariano Ponce, and Marcelo del Pilar. [27] [28] Established in 1880–1895, the propagandists started the formation of a nationalist ideology in the Philippines. [29] Among the aims of the movement was to abolish polo y servicio. [30]
Reception of the Manila Galleon by the Chamorro in the Ladrones Islands, ca. 1590 Boxer Codex. After a long, tolling voyage across the Pacific Ocean, Ferdinand Magellan reached the island of Guam on 6 March 1521 and anchored the three ships that were left of his fleet in Umatac Bay, before proceeding to the Philippines, where he met his death during the Battle of Mactan.
The Philippines was a Spanish colony administered under the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the Governor-General of the Philippines who ruled from Manila was sub-ordinate to the Viceroy in Mexico City. [41] The Manila-Acapulco Galleon trade route between the Philippines and Mexico flourished from 1571 until 1815. [42]