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Movements of tectonic plates create volcanoes along the plate boundaries, which erupt and form mountains. A volcanic arc system is a series of volcanoes that form near a subduction zone where the crust of a sinking oceanic plate melts and drags water down with the subducting crust. [9] The Dome of Vitosha mountain next to Sofia
The karez water system is made up of a network of interconnected wells. Karez gallery near Turpan, Xinjiang, China. Turpan's karez water system is made up of a horizontal series of vertically dug wells that are then linked by underground water canals to collect water from the watershed surface runoff from the base of the Tian Shan Mountains and the nearby Flaming Mountains.
Mid-ocean ridge – Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading; Pit crater – Depression formed by a sinking or collapse of the surface lying above a void or empty chamber; Pyroclastic shield – Shield volcano formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions; Resurgent dome – Volcanic landform
With crustal extension, a series of normal faults which occur in groups, form in close proximity and dipping in opposite directions. [4] As the crust extends it fractures in series of fault planes, some blocks sink down due to gravity, creating long linear valleys or basins also known as grabens, while the blocks remaining up or uplifted produce mountains or ranges, also known as horsts.
Orogeny (/ ɒ ˈ r ɒ dʒ ə n i /) is a mountain-building process that takes place at a convergent plate margin when plate motion compresses the margin. An orogenic belt or orogen develops as the compressed plate crumples and is uplifted to form one or more mountain ranges. This involves a series of geological processes collectively called ...
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A water gap is a gap that flowing water has carved through a mountain range or mountain ridge and that still carries water today. [1] Such gaps that no longer carry water currents are called wind gaps. Water gaps and wind gaps often offer a practical route for road and rail transport to cross the mountain barrier.
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