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Blue topaz is the state gemstone of the US state of Texas. [25] The 4th wedding anniversary gem is blue topaz and the 23rd is imperial topaz. [22] Synthetic topaz can be produced using a method that includes the thermal hydrolysis of SiO 2 and AlF 3. [26] When these compounds are heated to temperatures of 750° to 850 °C topaz is formed.
A number of individual gemstones are famous in their own right, ... with a weight of 1,404.49 carats ... Chalmers Topaz, a 5,899.5-carat (1.17990 kg) cut topaz.
Some gemstones that are popularly or historically called rubies, such as the Black Prince's Ruby in the British Imperial State Crown, are actually spinels. These were once known as "Balas rubies". The quality of a ruby is determined by its color, cut, and clarity, which, along with carat weight, affect its value. The brightest and most valuable ...
The carat (ct) is a unit of mass equal to 200 mg (0.00705 oz; 0.00643 ozt), which is used for measuring gemstones and pearls. The current definition, sometimes known as the metric carat , was adopted in 1907 at the Fourth General Conference on Weights and Measures , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and soon afterwards in many countries around the world.
Blue-violet National Museum of Natural History, Washington [9] Star of Bombay: Sri Lanka 182 carats (36.4 g) Star Blue-violet National Museum of Natural History, Washington [10] Ruspoli Sapphire: 136.9 carats (27.38 g) [11] Stuart Sapphire: Sri Lanka 104 carats (20.8 g) Blue Tower of London [12] Bismarck Sapphire: Myanmar: 98.56 carats (19.712 ...
Aquamarine is a fairly common gemstone, [6] rendering it more accessible for purchase, compared to other gems in the beryl family. [7] Overall, its value is determined by weight, color, [5] cut, and clarity. [8] It is transparent to translucent and possesses a hexagonal crystal system. [9]
In 1979, Gemstones Corporation of Pakistan was established to develop the gemstones sector in Pakistan, however in 1997 the corporation liquidated. [3] Now a number of organizations are working in this sector including All Pakistan Commercial Exporters Association of Rough & Unpolished Precious and Semi Precious Stones (APCEA) and Pakistan Gems and Jewellery Development Company (PGJDC).
Ruby is a pinkish-red-to-blood-red-colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, alongside amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. [3]