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Ductile iron, also known as ductile cast iron, nodular cast iron, spheroidal graphite iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron [1] and SG iron, is a type of graphite-rich cast iron discovered in 1943 by Keith Millis. [2]
Devonian nodular limestone Concretionary nodular limestone at Jinshitan Coastal National Geopark, Dalian, China. In geology and particularly in sedimentology, a nodule is a small, irregularly rounded knot, mass, or lump of a mineral or mineral aggregate that typically has a contrasting composition from the enclosing sediment or sedimentary rock.
High iron content nodules appear a red or brown color, while high manganese content appears black or grey. [2] The dominant metal oxide is related to the elements enriched in the nodule. In manganese-dominated nodules, enriched elements include barium , strontium , nickel , cobalt , copper , cadmium , lead , and zinc . [ 2 ]
The ductile iron used to manufacture the pipe is characterized by the spheroidal or nodular nature of the graphite within the iron. [2] Typically, the pipe is manufactured using centrifugal casting in metal or resin lined moulds. [3]
The Meehanite specifications can be classified into three broad types: High duty flake or gray irons; high duty “nodular” or ductile iron (SG); and a group consisting of special types for applications requiring resistance to heat, wear and corrosion.
Iron is a mineral that is crucial for optimal health and well-being. Found naturally in many foods and dietary supplements, it is a key component of hemoglobin, the part of red blood cells ...
Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) is a form of ductile iron that enjoys high strength and ductility as a result of its microstructure controlled through heat treatment. While conventional ductile iron was discovered in 1943 and the austempering process had been around since the 1930s, the combination of the two technologies was not commercialized ...
When the iron-bearing groundwater came into contact with more oxygen-rich groundwater, the reduced iron was converted back to insoluble iron oxide, which formed the concretions. [74] [75] [76] It is possible that reduced iron first formed siderite concretions that were subsequently oxidized. Iron-oxidizing bacteria may have played a role. [77]