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Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) [1] is a method for cleaning out tooth decay (dental caries) from teeth using only hand instruments (dental hatchet and spoon-excavator) and placing a filling. It does not use rotary dental instruments ( dental drills ) to prepare the tooth and can be performed in settings with no access to dental equipment.
They were introduced in the early 1990s as a hybrid of two other dental materials, dental composites and glass ionomer cement, in an effort to combine their desirable properties: aesthetics for dental composites (they are white and closely mimic tooth tissue, so can camouflage into a tooth very well) and the fluoride releasing ability for glass ...
Indirect dental composites can be used for: Filling cavities in teeth, as fillings, inlays and/or onlays; Filling gaps (diastemas) between teeth using a shell-like veneer or; Reshaping of teeth; Full or partial crowns on single teeth; Bridges spanning 2-3 teeth; A stronger, tougher and more durable product is expected in principle.
Fillings fail because of changes in the filling, tooth or the bond between them. Secondary cavity formation can also affect the structural integrity the original filling. Fillings are recommended for small to medium-sized restorations. Inlays and onlays are more expensive indirect restoration alternative to direct fillings.
A glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a dental restorative material used in dentistry as a filling material and luting cement, [1] including for orthodontic bracket attachment. [2] Glass-ionomer cements are based on the reaction of silicate glass-powder (calciumaluminofluorosilicate glass [ 3 ] ) and polyacrylic acid , an ionomer .
For tooth preparation, firstly start with occlusal reduction which depending on the restorative material being used can range from 0.5mm-2mm. The best instrument to use for this is a high-speed diamond fissure bur and the reduction should follow the inclination of the cusps and grooves as this will allow the preservation of more tooth tissue.