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Cluster headaches may occasionally be referred to as "alarm clock headache" because of the regularity of their recurrence. Cluster headaches often awaken individuals from sleep. Both individual attacks and the cluster grouping can have a metronomic regularity; attacks typically strike at a precise time of day each morning or night.
Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC) refers to a group of primary headaches that occurs with pain on one side of the head in the trigeminal nerve area and symptoms in autonomic systems on the same side, such as eye watering and redness or drooping eyelids. [1] [2]
Chronic headaches consist of different sub-groups, primarily categorized as chronic tension-type headaches and chronic migraine headaches. [2] The treatments for chronic headache are vast and varied. Medicinal and non-medicinal methods exist to help patients cope with chronic headache, because chronic headaches cannot be cured. [ 3 ]
Individuals with CPH suffer multiple short, severe headaches a day, often more than five, with most lasting between 5 and 30 minutes each. When compared to cluster headaches, CPH attacks are typically shorter. [6] Each headache is centered around the eye, temple and forehead or the back of the head and is localized to one side of the head.
Sumatriptan is effective for ending or relieving the intensity of migraine and cluster headaches. [9] It is most effective when taken early after the start of the pain. [9] Injected sumatriptan is more effective than other formulations. [10] Oral sumatriptan can be used also in the treatment of post-dural puncture headache. [11]
Methysergide is used exclusively to treat episodic and chronic migraine and for episodic and chronic cluster headaches. [12] Methysergide is one of the most effective [13] medications for the prevention of migraine, but is not intended for the treatment of an acute attack, it is to be taken daily as a preventative medication.