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light-year: 2.254 61 × 10 −8 ... the approximate distance between Earth and the Sun. ... which induces an oblateness in the order of 10 parts per million. [2 ...
The geomagnetic poles move over time because the geomagnetic field is produced by motion of the molten iron alloys in the Earth's outer core. (See geodynamo.) Over the past 150 years, the poles have moved westward at a rate of 0.05° to 0.1° per year and closer to the true poles at 0.01° per year. [6]
A magnet's North pole is defined as the pole that is attracted by the Earth's North Magnetic Pole, in the arctic region, when the magnet is suspended so it can turn freely. Since opposite poles attract, the North Magnetic Pole of the Earth is really the south pole of its magnetic field (the place where the field is directed downward into the ...
A contemporary German popular astronomical book also noticed that light-year is an odd name. [25] In 1868 an English journal labelled the light-year as a unit used by the Germans. [26] Eddington called the light-year an inconvenient and irrelevant unit, which had sometimes crept from popular use into technical investigations. [27]
The two most commonly used systems are the Stonyhurst and Carrington systems. They both define latitude as the angular distance from the solar equator, but differ in how they define longitude. In Stonyhurst coordinates, the longitude is fixed for an observer on Earth, and, in Carrington coordinates, the longitude is fixed for the Sun's rotation.
A parsec is the distance from the Sun to an astronomical object that has a parallax angle of one arcsecond (not to scale). The parsec (symbol: pc) is a unit of length used to measure the large distances to astronomical objects outside the Solar System, approximately equal to 3.26 light-years or 206,265 astronomical units (AU), i.e. 30.9 trillion kilometres (19.2 trillion miles).
3.1 Em – 310 light-years – distance to Canopus according to Hipparcos [202] 3.9 Em – 410 light-years – distance to Betelgeuse according to Hipparcos [203] 6.2 Em – 650 light-years – distance to the Helix Nebula, located in the constellation Aquarius [204] 8.2 Em – 860 light-years – distance to Rigel according to Hipparcos [202]
Earth radius (denoted as R 🜨 or R E) is the distance from the center of Earth to a point on or near its surface. Approximating the figure of Earth by an Earth spheroid (an oblate ellipsoid), the radius ranges from a maximum (equatorial radius, denoted a) of nearly 6,378 km (3,963 mi) to a minimum (polar radius, denoted b) of nearly 6,357 km (3,950 mi).