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  2. Volcanic gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_gas

    Volcanic gases are gases given off by active (or, at times, by dormant) volcanoes. These include gases trapped in cavities ( vesicles ) in volcanic rocks , dissolved or dissociated gases in magma and lava , or gases emanating from lava, from volcanic craters or vents.

  3. Volcanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanism

    Gas-poor magmas end up cooling into rocks with small cavities, becoming vesicular lava. Gas-rich magmas cool to form rocks with cavities that nearly touch, with an average density less than that of water, forming pumice. Meanwhile, other material can be accelerated with the gas, becoming volcanic bombs. These can travel with so much energy that ...

  4. Volcano - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano

    Augustine Volcano (Alaska) during its eruptive phase on January 24, 2006. A volcano is commonly defined as a vent or fissure in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

  5. Eruption column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eruption_column

    The volcanic materials form a vertical column or plume that may rise many kilometers into the air above the vent of the volcano. In the most explosive eruptions, the eruption column may rise over 40 km (25 mi), penetrating the stratosphere. Stratospheric injection of aerosols by volcanoes is a major cause of short-term climate change.

  6. A powerful volcano is erupting. Here’s what that could mean ...

    www.aol.com/news/powerful-volcano-erupting-could...

    It’s the gases that are able to reach much higher in the atmosphere. Dense ash near the surface creates hazardous air quality and causes a temporary cooling effect as it blocks out warming sunlight.

  7. Pyroclastic flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_flow

    Pyroclastic flows sweep down the flanks of Mayon Volcano, Philippines, in 2018. A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) [1] is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of 100 km/h (30 m/s; 60 mph) but is capable of reaching speeds up to ...

  8. Volcanic eruption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions

    These gas bubbles within the magma accumulate and coalesce into large bubbles, called gas slugs. These grow large enough to rise through the lava column. [14] Upon reaching the surface, the difference in air pressure causes the bubble to burst with a loud pop, [13] throwing magma in the air in a way similar to a soap bubble.

  9. 'High threat' supervolcano could bring about an ice age when ...

    www.aol.com/news/2017-03-30-high-threat-super...

    Super volcano is the term used to describe volcanoes that have gradually over time built up immense amounts of magma and could wreak havoc if ejected onto the planet's surface. And in the heart of ...