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Chen Ning Yang (born 1922): Chinese-born American physicist who works on statistical mechanics and particle physics. He and Tsung-dao Lee received the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on parity nonconservation of weak interaction. [472] Hubert Yockey (1916–2016): American physicist and information theorist. [473]
According to the same estimate, between 1901 and 2000, atheists, agnostics, and freethinkers won 8.9% of the prizes in medicine, 7.1% in chemistry, 5.2% in economics, 4.7% in physics, and 3.6% in peace. [1] Alfred Nobel himself was an atheist later in life. [3] Shalev's book lists many Jewish atheists, agnostics, and freethinkers as religiously ...
Dennis W. Sciama (1926–1999): British physicist who played a major role in developing British physics after the Second World War. His most significant work was in general relativity, with and without quantum theory, and black holes.
State supremacy is a secular principle that supports obedience to the rule of law over religious diktat or canon law, while internal constraint is a secular principle that opposes governmental control over one's personal life. Under political secularism, the government can enforce how people act but not what they believe.
According to sociologists Ariela Keysar and Juhem Navarro-Rivera's 2013 review of numerous global studies on atheism, there are 450 to 500 million positive atheists and agnostics worldwide (7% of the world's population) with China alone accounting for 200 million of that demographic.
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes: French physicist and the Nobel Prize laureate in Physics in 1991; notable signer of the Humanist Manifesto III. [38] Sheldon Glashow: Nobel Prize-winning American theoretical physicist. He is the Metcalf Professor of Mathematics and Physics at Boston University and Higgins Professor of Physics, Emeritus, at Harvard ...
In terms of belief in God among elite scientists, such as "great scientists" in the "American Men of Science" or members of the National Academies of Science; 53% disbelieved, 21% were agnostic, and 28% believed in 1914; 68% disbelieved, 17% were agnostic, and 15% believed in 1933; and 72% disbelieved, 21% were agnostic, and 7% believed in 1998 ...
Gari Clifford – British-American physicist, biomedical engineer, academic, researcher; John Cockcroft – U.K. (1897–1967) Nobel laureate; Claude Cohen-Tannoudji – France (born 1933) Nobel laureate; Arthur Compton – United States (1892–1962) Nobel laureate; Karl Compton – United States (1887–1954) Edward Condon – United States ...