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Atom economy. Atom economy (atom efficiency/percentage) is the conversion efficiency of a chemical process in terms of all atoms involved and the desired products produced. The simplest definition was introduced by Barry Trost in 1991 and is equal to the ratio between the mass of desired product to the total mass of reactants, expressed as a percentage.
The atom economy is calculated by = % The conservation of mass principle dictates that the total mass of the reactants is the same as the total mass of the products. In the above example, the sum of molecular masses of A, B, C and D should be equal to that of R, X, Y and Z.
The atom economy of a reaction is defined as the number of atoms from the starting materials that are incorporated into the final product. Atom economy can be viewed as an indicator of the “efficiency” of a given synthetic route. [3]
An element–reaction–product table is used to find coefficients while balancing an equation representing a chemical reaction. Coefficients represent moles of a substance so that the number of atoms produced is equal to the number of atoms being reacted with. [1] This is the common setup: Element: all the elements that are in the reaction ...
The advantage in atom economy of using NCAs for peptide formation is that there is no need for a protecting group on the functional group reacted with the amino acid. [4] For example, the Merrifield synthesis depends on the use of Boc and Bzl protecting groups, which need be removed after the reaction. [5]
Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts slammed what he described as “dangerous” talk by some officials about ignoring federal court rulings, using an annual report weeks before President ...
Drone sightings have been reported across the eastern U.S. in states like New Jersey, New York and Maryland.
Superyachts serve as floating palaces for the world’s elite.These opulent vessels, which are larger than most apartments and cost more than a mansion, are often custom-built to reflect the ...