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In towns too small to support a phone office, placing long-distance calls was a sideline for some businesses with telephones, such as pharmacies. In some countries, such as Canada and the United States, long-distance rates were historically kept artificially high to subsidize unprofitable flat-rate local residential services.
Most carriers in the United States and in all of Canada use flat-rate billing for local calls, which incur no per-call cost to residential subscribers. Long-distance calls have higher prices. As regulators in North America had long allowed long-distance calling to be priced artificially high in return for artificially low rates for local ...
Direct-distance dialing (DDD) was first introduced in areas with common-control switching (panel and crossbar) in the 1950s.These areas had used 411 for directory assistance, and because of the ability of common-control switching to analyze the initial digits of a number in a "sender" before routing the call, these areas did not require the dialing of an initial 1 to initiate a long-distance call.
For the Bell System this was a beginning for the ability of their long-distance operators to dial calls directly to distant telephones. [4] While automatic switching decreased the connection times from as much as fifteen minutes to approximately two minutes for calls between far-away locations, each intermediate operator still had to determine ...
The first direct-dialed long-distance telephone calls were possible in the New Jersey communities of Englewood and Teaneck.Customers of the ENglewood 3, ENglewood 4 and TEaneck 7 exchanges, who could already dial telephone numbers in the New York City area, could place calls to eleven major cities across the United States by dialing the three-digit area code and the seven-digit directory number.
Before the introduction of direct long-distance dialing, the long-distance operator was reached by dialing 211 for placing a long-distance call. When the states in the US and provinces in Canada were assigned area codes in 1947 by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), direct distance dialing (DDD) using the area code and the ...