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Thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus are the superior and inferior parts of inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx respectively). The result is an outpouching of the posterior pharyngeal wall, just above the esophagus. [3] While it may be asymptomatic, Zenker diverticulum can present with the following symptoms:
The posterior-opening fistulas may follow a devious, curving path with some even being horseshoe-shaped before opening in the posterior midline. [2] Fistulas can be described as anterior or posterior relating to a line drawn in the coronal plane across the anus, the so-called transverse anal line. Anterior fistulas will have a direct track into ...
The predecessor of this procedure was sutured posterior rectopexy, in which the rectum was completely mobilized from the pelvic floor (i.e. including posterior and lateral surgical dissection of the rectum and sigmoid colon). [61] This caused autonomic nerve damage resulting in constipation and obstructed defecation after the surgery. [61]
The cerebellar vermis (from Latin vermis, "worm") is located in the medial, cortico-nuclear zone of the cerebellum, which is in the posterior fossa of the cranium. The primary fissure in the vermis curves ventrolaterally to the superior surface of the cerebellum, dividing it into anterior and posterior lobes.
It is a relatively common condition, with a prevalence of between 6.8% [4] and 11% [5] found also in children. The prevalence of the condition increases significantly with age, occurring in 40% of the population after the age of 40.
Second branchial cleft cysts - These account for 90 to 95% of the neck cysts. Anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle, posterior to submandibular gland, lateral to carotid sheath. They are medial to the facial nerve at the anterior neck and above the hyoid bone. Skin pit can be found in this location.
This defect is also described as a groove in the anal canal wall and may occur after posterior midline fissurectomy or fistulotomy, or with lateral IAS defects. Rare causes of traumatic injury to the anal sphincters include military or traffic accidents complicated by pelvic fractures , spine injuries or perineal lacerations , insertion of ...
Some sexually transmitted infections can promote the breakdown of tissue resulting in a fissure: syphilis, herpes, chlamydia and human papilloma virus. [5] Other common causes of anal fissures include: childbirth trauma in women, [6] anal sex, [7] [8] Crohn's disease, [6] ulcerative colitis, [9] and poor toileting in young children. [10]