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National Insurance (NI) is a fundamental component of the welfare state in the United Kingdom.It acts as a form of social security, since payment of NI contributions establishes entitlement to certain state benefits for workers and their families.
In 2010 about 250 plans participate in the program. [3] About 20 plans are nationwide or almost nationwide, such as the ones offered by some employee unions such as the National Association of Letter Carriers, by some employee associations such as GEHA, and by national insurance companies such as Aetna and the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association on behalf of its member companies.
The three British National Insurance Funds hold the contributions of the National Insurance Scheme, set up by the Government of the United Kingdom in 1911. It was reformed in 1948 and assumed broadly its current form in 1975, when the separate National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) and National Insurance (Reserve) Funds were merged with it. [ 1 ]
Each year that National Insurance is paid is called a qualifying year. For 2023–2024, for a qualifying year to count, an individual needs to earn at least £6396 if he/she is an employee, or £6725 if he/she is self-employed, and to have paid (or been credited with) National Insurance contributions based on these earnings.
The National Insurance Act Part I provided for a National Insurance scheme with provision of medical benefits. All workers who earned under £160 a year had to pay 4 pence a week to the scheme; the employer paid 3 pence, and general taxation paid 2 pence (Lloyd George called it the "ninepence for fourpence").
National Insurance Company Limited was incorporated on 5 December 1906 with its registered office in Kolkata.Consequent to passing of the General Insurance Business Nationalisation Act in 1972, 21 Foreign and 11 Indian Companies were merged with it and National became a subsidiary of General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC) which is fully owned by the Government of India.