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Autografts and isografts are usually not considered as foreign and, therefore, do not elicit rejection. Allografts and xenografts may be recognized as foreign by the recipient and rejected. [1] Autograft: graft taken from one part of the body of an individual and transplanted onto another site in the same individual, e.g., skin graft.
In orthopaedic medicine, a bone graft can be sourced from a patient's own bone in order to fill space and produce an osteogenic response in a bone defect. However, due to the donor-site morbidity associated with autograft, other methods such as bone allograft and bone morphogenetic proteins and synthetic graft materials are often used as alternatives.
Allografts can be referred to as "homostatic" if they are biologically inert when transplanted, such as bone and cartilage. [2] An immune response against an allograft or xenograft is termed rejection. An allogenic bone marrow transplant can result in an immune attack on the recipient, called graft-versus-host disease.
An Isograft is a graft of tissue between two individuals who are genetically identical (i.e. monozygotic twins). Transplant rejection between two such individuals virtually never occurs, making isografts particularly relevant to organ transplantations; patients with organs from their identical twins are incredibly likely to receive the organs favorably and survive.
An isograft is a subset of allograft in which organs or tissues are transplanted from a donor to a genetically identical recipient (such as an identical twin). Isografts are differentiated from other types of transplants because while they are anatomically identical to allografts, they do not trigger an immune response.
Xenotransplantation is a cross-species tissue transplantation from animal to human. [10] [11] The development of blood vessel anastomosis opened the door for xenotransplantation during the 20th century, which led to numerous attempts in organ transplantations with tissues from nonhuman primates (NHPs).
In addition, in some cases, it is not possible to obtain an autograft, so allografts are a natural solution. RTI uses stringent donor screening, laboratory testing and proprietary, validated ...
Autologous grafts and some forms of treated allografts can be left on permanently without rejection. [5] Genetically modified pigs can produce allograft-equivalent skin material, [6] and tilapia skin is used as an experimental cheap xenograft in places where porcine skin is unavailable and in veterinary medicine. [7] [8] By thickness: Split ...